when i runned it its showing in terminal, I want tnkyer to be used
I'll create a Tkinter-based version of the calculator that maintains the MVC architecture but provides a graphical user interface instead of a console-based one.
I've created a graphical calculator using Python's Tkinter library while maintaining the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture. This version provides a user-friendly GUI interface instead of a console-based application.
Clean MVC Separation:
main.py script to start the calculatorarchitecture_demo.pyThe calculator supports basic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) with a calculation history panel, error handling, and a clean, modern interface.
create Create a short document (or visual folder map) explaining your project’s file structure:
○ Where is your model logic?
○ Where does your controller live, and what does it route?
○ What lives in your view layer—and how do you keep it free of logic?
model.py)Where is your model logic?
The model logic resides entirely in the CalculatorModel class within model.py. This component is the "brain" of the application, containing all business logic and data management.
What it contains:
How it maintains separation:
Example from code:
def calculate(self, operation, a, b):
"""Execute calculation based on operation type"""
operations = {
'+': self.add,
'-': self.subtract,
'*': self.multiply,
'/': self.divide
}
if operation not in operations:
raise ValueError(f"Unsupported operation: {operation}")
return operations[operation](a, b)controller.py)Where does your controller live, and what does it route?
The controller logic lives in the CalculatorController class within controller.py. It acts as the coordinator between the Model and View.
What it routes:
Key responsibilities:
Example from code:
def handle_equals(self):
"""Handle equals button press"""
try:
# Check if we have all needed values
if self.model.operation is None or self.model.previous_value is None:
return
# Get current value
current_value = float(self.current_input)
# Perform calculation
result = self.model.calculate(
self.model.operation,
self.model.previous_value,
current_value
)
# Format and display result
formatted_result = self.model.format_result(result)
self.view.set_display(formatted_result)
self.current_input = formatted_result
# Update history display
self.view.update_history(self.model.get_history())
except ValueError as e:
self.view.set_error(str(e))view.py)What lives in your view layer—and how do you keep it free of logic?
The view layer is implemented in the CalculatorView class within view.py. It's responsible for all user interface elements and presentation.
What it contains:
How it's kept free of logic:
set_display() only update the UIExample from code:
def register_callback(self, button_type, callback):
"""Register callbacks for button clicks"""
if button_type == "number":
for num in "0123456789.":
if num in self.buttons:
self.buttons[num].config(command=lambda n=num: callback(n))
elif button_type == "operation":
for op in "+-×÷":
if op in self.buttons:
self.buttons[op].config(command=lambda o=op: callback(self.operation_map[o]))Separation of Concerns
Testability
Maintainability
Scalability
Code Reusability
The MVC architecture provides a clean separation of concerns in our calculator application. The Model handles all business logic, the View manages the user interface, and the Controller coordinates between them. This separation makes the code more maintainable, testable, and scalable, while ensuring that each component has a single, well-defined responsibility.
show ### File Structure & Separation of Concerns