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Troubleshooting "Tenant or user not found" SQL Execution Error

The error "Tenant or user not found" when executing SQL code blocks against your Supabase instance indicates an authentication or connection issue between your Vercel project and Supabase. Let's analyze the possible causes and solutions.

Possible Causes

1. Authentication Issues

The most common cause of this error is authentication problems. When Supabase returns "Tenant or user not found," it typically means the credentials being used to connect to the database are invalid or the authentication process is failing.

2. Environment Variable Configuration

Your Vercel project has several Supabase-related environment variables, but they might not be correctly configured or accessible when executing SQL code blocks.

3. Supabase Project Configuration

The Supabase project might have specific settings that are preventing the connection from being established properly.

4. Database User Permissions

The database user being used might not have the necessary permissions to execute SQL queries.

Detailed Analysis and Solutions

1. Verify Environment Variables

First, let's check if your environment variables are correctly set up and accessible:

'use client';

import { useState } from 'react';
import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from '@/components/ui/card';

export default function CheckEnvironment() {
  const [envVars, setEnvVars] = useState<Record<string, string | undefined>>({});
  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);

  const checkEnvironment = async () => {
    setLoading(true);
    try {
      const response = await fetch('/api/check-environment');
      const data = await response.json();
      setEnvVars(data);
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Error checking environment:', error);
    } finally {
      setLoading(false);
    }
  };

  return (
    <Card>
      <CardHeader>
        <CardTitle>Environment Variables Check</CardTitle>
      </CardHeader>
      <CardContent>
        <Button onClick={checkEnvironment} disabled={loading}>
          {loading ? 'Checking...' : 'Check Environment Variables'}
        </Button>
        
        {Object.keys(envVars).length > 0 && (
          <div className="mt-4 p-4 bg-muted rounded-md">
            <h3 className="font-medium mb-2">Available Environment Variables:</h3>
            <pre className="text-xs overflow-auto">
              {JSON.stringify(envVars, null, 2)}
            </pre>
          </div>
        )}
      </CardContent>
    </Card>
  );
}

import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';

export async function GET() {
  // Only include the existence of variables, not their values for security
  const envStatus = {
    SUPABASE_URL: !!process.env.SUPABASE_URL,
    NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_URL: !!process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_URL,
    SUPABASE_ANON_KEY: !!process.env.SUPABASE_ANON_KEY,
    NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_ANON_KEY: !!process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_ANON_KEY,
    SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY: !!process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY,
    POSTGRES_URL: !!process.env.POSTGRES_URL,
    POSTGRES_PRISMA_URL: !!process.env.POSTGRES_PRISMA_URL,
    POSTGRES_URL_NON_POOLING: !!process.env.POSTGRES_URL_NON_POOLING,
    POSTGRES_USER: !!process.env.POSTGRES_USER,
    POSTGRES_HOST: !!process.env.POSTGRES_HOST,
    POSTGRES_PASSWORD: !!process.env.POSTGRES_PASSWORD,
    POSTGRES_DATABASE: !!process.env.POSTGRES_DATABASE
  };

  return NextResponse.json(envStatus);
}

2. Test Supabase Connection

Create an API endpoint to test the Supabase connection:

import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';
import { createClient } from '@supabase/supabase-js';

export async function GET() {
  try {
    // Create a Supabase client with the service role key
    const supabaseUrl = process.env.SUPABASE_URL!;
    const supabaseServiceKey = process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY!;
    
    if (!supabaseUrl || !supabaseServiceKey) {
      return NextResponse.json({ 
        error: 'Missing Supabase credentials in environment variables' 
      }, { status: 500 });
    }
    
    const supabase = createClient(supabaseUrl, supabaseServiceKey);
    
    // Test a simple query
    const { data, error } = await supabase.from('_test_connection').select('*').limit(1);
    
    if (error) {
      // If the table doesn't exist, that's fine - we're just testing connection
      if (error.code === '42P01') { // undefined_table
        return NextResponse.json({ 
          success: true, 
          message: 'Connected to Supabase successfully, but test table does not exist' 
        });
      }
      
      return NextResponse.json({ 
        error: error.message,
        code: error.code,
        details: error.details
      }, { status: 500 });
    }
    
    return NextResponse.json({ 
      success: true, 
      message: 'Connected to Supabase successfully' 
    });
  } catch (error) {
    return NextResponse.json({ 
      error: (error as Error).message 
    }, { status: 500 });
  }
}

3. Create a Direct Database Connection Test

Test connecting directly to the Postgres database:

import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';
import { Pool } from 'pg';

export async function GET() {
  try {
    // Create a connection pool using the direct Postgres credentials
    const pool = new Pool({
      connectionString: process.env.POSTGRES_URL,
    });
    
    // Test the connection
    const client = await pool.connect();
    try {
      const result = await client.query('SELECT current_database() as db_name');
      return NextResponse.json({ 
        success: true, 
        database: result.rows[0].db_name,
        message: 'Connected to Postgres successfully' 
      });
    } finally {
      client.release();
      await pool.end();
    }
  } catch (error) {
    return NextResponse.json({ 
      error: (error as Error).message 
    }, { status: 500 });
  }
}

4. Check for Supabase Tenant Issues

The "Tenant or user not found" error specifically mentions a tenant, which suggests this could be related to how Supabase manages multi-tenancy. This is a common error in Supabase's Realtime feature 1.

Create a component to test this:

'use client';

import { useState } from 'react';
import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from '@/components/ui/card';
import { Alert, AlertDescription, AlertTitle } from '@/components/ui/alert';
import { getBrowserClient } from '@/lib/supabase';

export default function SupabaseDiagnostics() {
  const [results, setResults] = useState<any>(null);
  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);

  const runDiagnostics = async () => {
    setLoading(true);
    setError(null);
    
    try {
      const supabase = getBrowserClient();
      
      // Test authentication
      const authTest = await supabase.auth.getSession();
      
      // Test a simple query to check database access
      const dbTest = await supabase.from('_test_connection')
        .select('*')
        .limit(1)
        .catch(e => ({ error: e }));
      
      // Test Realtime subscription (common source of tenant errors)
      let realtimeError = null;
      try {
        const channel = supabase.channel('test-channel');
        const subscription = channel.subscribe(status => {
          if (status === 'SUBSCRIBED') {
            // Clean up subscription after successful test
            setTimeout(() => {
              channel.unsubscribe();
            }, 1000);
          }
        });
      } catch (e) {
        realtimeError = e;
      }
      
      setResults({
        auth: {
          success: !authTest.error,
          error: authTest.error?.message
        },
        database: {
          success: !dbTest.error,
          error: dbTest.error?.message,
          code: dbTest.error?.code
        },
        realtime: {
          success: !realtimeError,
          error: realtimeError?.message
        }
      });
    } catch (e) {
      setError((e as Error).message);
    } finally {
      setLoading(false);
    }
  };

  return (
    <Card>
      <CardHeader>
        <CardTitle>Supabase Diagnostics</CardTitle>
      </CardHeader>
      <CardContent>
        <Button onClick={runDiagnostics} disabled={loading}>
          {loading ? 'Running Diagnostics...' : 'Run Diagnostics'}
        </Button>
        
        {error && (
          <Alert variant="destructive" className="mt-4">
            <AlertTitle>Error</AlertTitle>
            <AlertDescription>{error}</AlertDescription>
          </Alert>
        )}
        
        {results && (
          <div className="mt-4 space-y-4">
            <div className="p-4 bg-muted rounded-md">
              <h3 className="font-medium mb-2">Authentication:</h3>
              <div className={results.auth.success ? "text-green-500" : "text-red-500"}>
                {results.auth.success ? "✓ Success" : `✗ Failed: ${results.auth.error}`}
              </div>
            </div>
            
            <div className="p-4 bg-muted rounded-md">
              <h3 className="font-medium mb-2">Database Access:</h3>
              <div className={results.database.success ? "text-green-500" : "text-red-500"}>
                {results.database.success 
                  ? "✓ Success" 
                  : `✗ Failed: ${results.database.error} (Code: ${results.database.code})`}
              </div>
            </div>
            
            <div className="p-4 bg-muted rounded-md">
              <h3 className="font-medium mb-2">Realtime:</h3>
              <div className={results.realtime.success ? "text-green-500" : "text-red-500"}>
                {results.realtime.success 
                  ? "✓ Success" 
                  : `✗ Failed: ${results.realtime.error}`}
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
        )}
      </CardContent>
    </Card>
  );
}

5. Create a Diagnostic Page

Create a diagnostic page to run all these tests:

import { redirect } from 'next/navigation';
import { getServerClient } from '@/lib/supabase';
import CheckEnvironment from '@/lib/check-env';
import SupabaseDiagnostics from '@/components/supabase-diagnostics';

export default async function DiagnosticsPage() {
  const supabase = getServerClient();
  
  // Check if user is authenticated
  const { data: { session } } = await supabase.auth.getSession();
  
  // If not authenticated, redirect to home
  if (!session) {
    redirect('/');
  }
  
  return (
    <div className="container mx-auto py-8">
      <h1 className="mb-6 text-2xl font-bold">Supabase Connection Diagnostics</h1>
      <div className="space-y-6">
        <CheckEnvironment />
        <SupabaseDiagnostics />
      </div>
    </div>
  );
}

Specific Solutions for "Tenant or user not found" Error

Based on the error message, here are specific solutions to try:

1. Verify Supabase Project Configuration

Go to your Supabase Dashboard
Select your project
Check that the project is active and not in a paused state
Verify the database is up and running

2. Check API Keys and Regenerate if Necessary

In your Supabase Dashboard, go to Project Settings > API
Check both the anon key and service role key
Consider regenerating these keys if you suspect they might be invalid
Update the environment variables in your Vercel project with the new keys

3. Check Database User Permissions

The error might be related to the database user not having the correct permissions:

-- Run this in the Supabase SQL Editor to check permissions for the 'authenticator' role
SELECT grantee, privilege_type 
FROM information_schema.role_table_grants 
WHERE grantee = 'authenticator';

4. Verify Connection Pool Settings

If you're using connection pooling, check the settings:

import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';
import { createClient } from '@supabase/supabase-js';

export async function GET() {
  try {
    const supabaseUrl = process.env.SUPABASE_URL!;
    const supabaseServiceKey = process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY!;
    
    const supabase = createClient(supabaseUrl, supabaseServiceKey);
    
    // Check connection pool settings
    const { data, error } = await supabase.rpc('get_pool_settings');
    
    if (error) {
      return NextResponse.json({ 
        error: error.message,
        note: "This function may not exist in your database. You might need to create it."
      }, { status: 500 });
    }
    
    return NextResponse.json({ 
      success: true, 
      poolSettings: data
    });
  } catch (error) {
    return NextResponse.json({ 
      error: (error as Error).message 
    }, { status: 500 });
  }
}

You may need to create this function in your Supabase SQL editor:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_pool_settings()
RETURNS json AS $$
BEGIN
  RETURN (
    SELECT json_build_object(
      'max_connections', setting
    )
    FROM pg_settings
    WHERE name = 'max_connections'
  );
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql SECURITY DEFINER;

5. Check for Supabase Operational Issues

Sometimes the error can be related to operational issues with Supabase itself. Check the Supabase Status page for any ongoing incidents.

Recommended Steps to Resolve

Verify Environment Variables: Make sure all Supabase-related environment variables are correctly set in your Vercel project.
Regenerate API Keys: Generate new API keys in the Supabase dashboard and update them in your Vercel project.
Check Database Permissions: Ensure the database user has the necessary permissions to execute SQL queries.
Test Direct Connection: Try connecting directly to the Postgres database to isolate whether the issue is with Supabase or the database itself.
Contact Supabase Support: If the issue persists, it might be related to your specific Supabase project configuration. Contact Supabase support with the error details.

By implementing these diagnostic tools and following the recommended steps, you should be able to identify and resolve the "Tenant or user not found" error in your Supabase connection.